The hormone’s amino acid Free Essays

Insulin, an endocrine hormone, is one of the most all around considered proteins blended by the human body. Its moderately basic structure and short amino corrosive succession have made it a valuable model for some, protein contemplates. It is orchestrated in beta cells of the pancreas through posttranslational cleavage of proinsulin, and discharged upon incitement by raised degrees of glucose in the blood. We will compose a custom paper test on The hormone’s amino corrosive or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Insulin assumes a significant job in directing a few anabolic procedures, and is most notable for bringing down the degree of glucose by advancing the take-up and capacity of glucose by the liver. Insufficiency of, or protection from insulin, results in both of the two types of diabetes mellitus, an incessant metabolic issue whose event has expanded among people, particularly in the United States; yet right up 'til the present time, there is no distinct solution for either type of the ailment. Type II diabetes specifically should be treated with blends of a few unique methodologies, including dietary administration, get-healthy plans, and oral or antidiabetic drugs, or perhaps surgeries, for example, gastric detour. This proposition talks about the capability of taurine (2-amino ethanesulfonic corrosive), which had recently been tried in concentrates on rodents and mice, to raise levels of insulin affectability in human subjects with insulin opposition, and raises the likelihood that taurine could be utilized in a supplemental structure for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II patients. Presentation The endocrine hormone insulin was the primary protein whose amino corrosive arrangement was finished. For his work on disentangling its structure, Fred Sanger won the 1958 Noble Prize. Its disclosure is viewed as a milestone, demonstrating that proteins have a one of a kind and characterized grouping of amino acids, which has since been named the essential structure. From that point forward, insulin has been utilized as a model for some, ensuing investigations with respect to the structure and properties of different proteins. It is the human body’s major anabolic hormone, elevating responses that lead to the take-up of glucose and its change into capacity structures, for example, glycogen and triglycerides, while all the while hindering their breakdown for use as fuel. It likewise advances the take-up of amino acids and the blend of proteins, advancing development. Insulin was likewise the principal protein to be combined utilizing recombinant DNA in microscopic organisms, and this method has made conceivable the enormous scope creation of supplemental insulin for use in one of the most genuine metabolic illnesses pervasive among people, diabetes mellitus. The rising frequency of this ailment, especially in the United States, has brought further enthusiasm into exploring the complexities of insulin and its job in managing various anabolic body capacities, just as the different manners by which insulin’s capacities can be directed. Type II diabetes, the most widely recognized type of the infection, has no fix, and exploration is continuing to investigate a few different ways to expand affectability to insulin in insulin-safe people experiencing this type of diabetes. Specifically, taurine, a subordinate of the amino corrosive cysteine, has demonstrated a promising capacity to possibly bring down weight and insulin obstruction in rodents and mice, albeit so far there have been scarcely any test concentrates on people. Contrasted with other, increasingly complex proteins, insulin is moderately little. It has a minimized and monomeric structure (in spite of the fact that it is fit for shaping dimers or hexamers under specific conditions), with a sub-atomic load of about 6 kDa. The structure of dynamic insulin is comprised of two connected chains, named An and B, associated by two disulfide bonds, with a third disulfide bond connecting the A chain back onto itself. This is a structure regular of the insulin family or gathering of proteins, which incorporates other peptide hormones, for example, relaxin, mammalian Leydig cell-explicit insulin-like peptide, early placenta insulin-like peptide, and insulin-like development factors I and II in people. Developmentally related hormones having a place with this family have additionally been found in certain bugs and molluscs, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The hormone’s amino corrosive succession (explicitly, the grouping of the An and B chains) is rationed to such an extent, that in many well evolved creatures, insulin separated from another species remains naturally dynamic. For example, insulin from pigs and even microorganisms, has been utilized to treat human patients experiencing diabetes mellitus. The most effective method to refer to The hormone’s amino corrosive, Papers

Cellular Functions Essay -- Biology Biological Essays

Cell Pathways A few standards administer metabolic pathways in the cell:           A. Complex substance changes in the cell don't happen in a solitary response, yet in various little advances that are associated in a pathway.           B. Every response is catalyzed by a particular compound.           C. Metabolic pathways is catalyzed by a particular catalyst.           D. Numerous metabolic pathways are compartmentalized, with specific advances happening inside an organelle.           E. Metabolic pathways in life forms are controlled by the exercises of a couple of protein.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â                Obtaining Energy and Electrons from Glucose           The most normal fuel for living cells is the sugar Glucose.                Cells trap vitality while utilizing glucose                If glucose is scorched in a fire, it promptly shapes carbon dioxide, water, and a ton of vitality - however just if oxygen gas(O2) is available. The parity condition for this ignition response is:  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â                     C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 - 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY (HEAT AND LIGHT)                This same condition applies to the digestion of glucose in cells, then again, actually digestion is a multi-step, controlled arrangement of responses, winding up with practically 50% of the vitality caught in ATP.                Three metabolic procedures assume jobs in the use of glucose for vitality: GLYCOSIS, CELLULAR RESPIRATION, AND FERMENTATION.                A. Glycosis is a progression of responses that starts the digestion of glucose in all cells and produces the three-carbon item pyruvate. A limited quantity of the vitality put away in the glucose is discharged in usable structure.                B. Cell Respiration happens when the earth is high-impact (contains oxygen gas , O2), and basically changes over pyruvate to carbon (CO2). All the while, a lot of the vitality put away in the covalent obligations of pyruvate is discharged and caught in ATP.                C. Maturation happens when nature is anaerobic (ailing in O2). Rather than vitality poor CO2, generally vitality rich particles, for example, lactic corrosive or ethanol are created, so the vitality extricated from glucose is far than under vigorous conditions.      Redox responses move electrons and vitality           a.Reaction in which one substance moves at least one electron... ... in glycolysis. This particle at that point goes through the remainder of glycolysis and the citrus extract cycle,where its vitality is extricated in NADH and ATP.      B. Lipids are changed over to their substituents, glycerol and unsaturated fats. Glycerol is changed over to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, an intermediatein glycolysis, and unsaturated fats to acetic acid derivation and afterward acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. In the two cases, further oxidation to CO2 and arrival of vitality of vitality at that point happen.      C. Proteins are hydrolyzed to their amino corrosive structure squares. The 20 amino acids takes care of into glycosis or the citrus extract cycle at various focuses.      Catabolism and Anabolism are Integrated      Glucose is an amazing wellspring of vitality. Polysaccharides and fats have no such synergist jobs. The degree of acetylCoA ascends as an unsaturated fats are separated.      Allostery controls digestion      Glycolysis, the citrus extract cycle, and the respiratory chain are controlled by allosteric control of the proteins in question. The primary control point in glycolysis is the catalyst PHOFRUCTOKINASE. The principle control in the citrus extract cycle is the protein ISOCITRATE DEHYROGENASE, which changes over isocitrate to ketoglutarate..

Deadline-time Questions Omnibus

Deadline-time Questions Omnibus Before I go off on vacation today, I wanted to answer as many questions as I can. Its a long entry! Before we get to that, though, I have three pieces of advice. 1. Relax. 2. Submit your application well in advance of the deadline. 3. Relax. Here goes - ola wrote, I was wondering whether the creation for the optional essay has to be something to do with engineering or could I send in a project I have worked on in my graphic design classes, such as a poster design for a spring musical along with a designers statement? Or should I just forgo the optional essay since I plan to send in a CD containing several works from my art portfolio. In the optional creation essay, it can be anything, not just something directly related to science/engineering. If you are sending in portfolio work to be reviewed, please note that our faculty have specificallly asked for hard copy submissions, and not slides or CDs. - i.m.i.y.m.o.r.a.q. wrote, If you get into the Accel. Calc course, what do you do for your second semester? Is that an open space for an elective? In a typical year, more than half of the freshman class places out of single variable calculus. For the students who take multivariable calculus first term freshman year, most follow it up with differential equations, though a number of students will certainly take a different elective course. - Bill wrote, I have already taken the regular SAT, and need to take the subject tests. I signed up to take the Math and Chemistry subject tests in December. Unfortunently, I got sick the day of the test and could not take it. Who do i need to contact if i am a case that needs to take the test in January? Please email admissions at mit dot edu to advise of January tests. - R.M. wrote, My daughter was deferred, and we were wondering if theres any other thing we could do to increase her chances come regular decision time? 1. You have received her scores on 2 of her subject tests (Math II-770; Biology-690). She took the US History on Dec. 2 and she got a 750. Should we send you the official result on that one, too? Or should we just send the results for the January test after she retakes Biology (or take Physics)? 2. As mentioned above, shes planning to retake the Biology this January. (By the way, she self-studed for the Biology test, which shell be doing again she took the Pre-AP Biology back in her sophomore year). Will that still be included in her application, since the results will not come out until February? Will retaking it help her in the application process? 3. I was suggesting to her that since she draws really well, she might want to send some of her drawings in. It will show another side of her that is not evident anywhere in her applicatio n file as of now. Or will this be a just a waste of time on both sides? 0. As Ive written, the only thing we expect from deferred students is midyear grades. Good midyear grades are key! 1. You can just send us the new January results. 2. We should receive most January scores in time for consideration. 3. I doubt it would be a waste of time. Send the materials directly to the Architecture Department as described in the application. - Anonymous wrote, Are there any Early Action applicants who were deferred on a Regular Decision Definite-Accepted list, if there even exists such a list? If so, approximately how many would you say are on this list? There is no such list, and nothing even resembling such a list. - Adam S. wrote, I was deferred. Now that I look back, I think that I sent in *way* too much extra stuff. I sent in a CD with some programs, lots of extra information, a few additional teacher reqs, etc. Im starting to regret sending so much, because now I have one or two more things Id like to share, but Im worried that Im already pushing the patience of the admissions officers. With that in mind, I have a few questions. 1. Is the reviewing process started over from scratch, or are the notes taken on each applicant from EA reused? 2. I sent in a CD with perhaps 5 or 6 programs on it. I would like to scrap that, and just write a summary with a few screen shots instead. I dont want the admissions officer to have to spend time looking at the CD *and* reading the summary. Since the summary is just compressing the contents of the CD to an easier-to-use form, is it possible for me to completely remove the CD from my application? 3. Ive done some things that are particularly interesting to m e lately. In comparison, the things that I sent before were rather dull, actually. Im planning on sending in a page of information on the new things.. but Ive sent so much other information that Im a bit worried that the new information will be smothered. I know I cant actually remove the old information from my application, but is there any way that I can ensure that the new information will be considered more closely? Since it will be more recent, will this be done automatically? 1. We will not re-review EA applicants from scratch. Well be utilizing our summaries from EA, with any additional notes from updates sent in. 2. No need to remove the CD. You can just send in your easier-to-use form without worry. 3. It will be done automatically, no worries. - Mike wrote, I, too, am a deferred applicant. I want to send in a supplementary recommendation, but I dont think it will be ready by January 1st. Would it be okay for the admissions office to receive my recommendation after January 1st? Yes, that would be just fine. Please get any new materials to us by early February to ensure full consideration. - Paul wrote, Our school is already done with the third quarter of the school year 2006-2007. Could I send my secondary school transcript again which reports grades up to the third quarter of my senior year, most especially when it would exhibit an improvement in my grades? The transcript will be available by the end of January or start of February. Mailing it would take just a few days to reach the MIT Admissions Office. Yes. Please be sure to send us your most up-to-date grades by early February. - Elizabeth wrote, According to both MyMIT and Collegeboard.com, my SAT I test scores have been sent, but not my subject test scores (I took those in November and self-reported them in my application). I think Im going to have to have another official report sent with the subject tests on it, but unless I order a rush report I dont think itll get sent by the deadline. Do I need to do this or will you accept score reports after the deadline? We routinely accept SAT scores after the deadline; this is not a problem. Do not rush your scores. - Dan C. wrote, How important is the Math SAT subject test? I mean if someone *cough* me *cough* was to get a 650 on MathIIc on his best sitting, could his chances be so grievously harmed that only a stupendous application could save him? Or is the scenario not so apocaliptic? And Anonymous wrote, I am an International Student. My SATII scores are very poor Math1 610 and Physics 590. However, all the other parts of application are very strong. Do you think that poor SATII scores are going to be a deal breaker? As Ben wrote in his most recent post, Id recommend trying to get that score up if you can, but one score will not keep you out of MIT if the rest of your application is stellar. - Kim wrote, This is similar to someone elses interview question I had my interview a while ago but I dont know if my EC sent anything in yet. According to my myMIT account, he hasnt. But anyway, my question is, is it better to email my EC about my interview report first, or should I fill out that form thing on myMIT instead? And Dan C. wrote, I seem to have a problem. I had my interview eons ago and my EC said he would upload the interview more than 2-3 weeks ago, yet it hasnt appeared in MyMIT. Should I contact him first, or could it be a problem on your side of the server? And RD Applicant wrote, I had my interview on 12/9 (it was originally scheduled for an earlier date, but my interviewer had to postpone it), but the box next to Interview on my tracking page is still unchecked. I know my interviewer was planning to submit his comments within one or two days of the interviewer. Should I be concerned about this delay in tracking? Thanks! We allow interviewers until the beginning of January to submit their reports; some need that time write up the reports, edit them, etc. Also, our Records Office is currently deluged with application pieces. So, it could be that it has not yet been submitted, or that it has and hasnt yet been processed. You may wish to fill out the Conducted Interview form on your MyMIT tracking. - Kristina wrote, My synchronized skating team is going to sectionals and nationals this year and I was hoping to send in the placements of my team as more supplemental material. Is there any particular way youd like those to be sent in, or could I just email the placements to you? Yes, email would probably be best. - The OT person wrote, IAP Questions: 1. Is it mandatory to be at school during IAP? (Can one come back to MIT in the middle of January?) 2. If you take an IAP for-credit class and fail, is it No Record (for all years, for just Freshman)? 1. You can be at MIT for all of, part of, or none of IAP its completely your choice. 2. In your freshman year, it would be No Record; afterwards, it would be graded in the standard ways (not No Record). - Gene wrote, Id just like to ask if MIT sends its freshman applicants notices of missing documents. I ask this particularly because Im not sure if my guidance counselor was able to put a copy of my transcript, and I was not able to confirm such because we already went on the Christmas break and school starts again only AFTER January 1. Would it be OK if i send another copy of my transcript (once I get one, which would be after the RD postmark deadline) that would also contain my updated grades? I plan to send this along with my mid-year report, as Paul (^above^) and I are I think from the same school. :D We dont send notices of missing documents, though you can track your documents at MyMIT. If your GC neglected to send a transcript prior to the break, we would accept it when school is back in session, no problem. - Amanda wrote, For a visual art submission, do samples of work have to ocme in the for of 35 mm slides or may I send pictures? The art reviewers have specifically asked for hard copies and not slides, so Id send the pictures. - Jon wrote, I will be graduating from UIUC in May 07 with a B.S. in Computer Science and a minor in Math. I would love to study Physics at MIT, but I have only completed 4 basic physics courses at UIUC and I am enrolled in 2 more this spring. I think this may be inadequate for admission to the graduate program in physics, but MIT does not consider applications for a second bachelors degree. [] Do I have any chance of getting in to the Physics M.S. program at MIT with so few undergrad physics classes? Would delaying my matriculation from UIUC to take preparatory physics classes improve my application? (How would I pay for it?) I am a huge fan of MIT OpenCourseWare and thats how I intend to spend the summer. Jon, I only do undergraduate admissions and am not involved with physics graduate admissions. Im sorry I cant help. You may wish to contact the physics department directly. - Melissa 11 wrote, What happens to EA accepteds from here? (When to expect materials/what materials to expect, will students contact us, etc?) Congrats again! Youll be formally invited to Campus Preview Weekend in January, and in March youll receive more information from MIT in the same mailing as when we admit the regular action students. If applicable, be sure to apply for financial aid by the February 15 deadline. - International applicant wrote, i had a few questions regarding the application process. 1. i will be taking part in the maths and informatics Olympiads next year(my final year grade 12). in case i do qualify, i will be notified only after the final date of application has passed( 1st January). so will there be any way of letting u folks know of the results so that it would help my application? 2. if i have a rock band does that count?3. i have made hundreds of websites and have been working as a freelance web designer for a number of years now ( designed some websites for a couple of big clients too).Does MIT look at that? 4. are my achievements before high school considered? 5. basically what Ive done includes web designing, digital imaging, programming, quizzing, SAT 2300, Olympiads, done 2 research based projects, president of the computer club, rock band, drama and some basketball. the problem is, does MIT look at all these achievements in a sense that it doesnt promote one sing le interest?(jack of all arts master of none, u know what i mean). also, this has in a way affected my studies so my grades of 9th and 11th grade have gone down( in the middle of the class at the moment, though my school is one of the most competitive in my country). if i work sufficiently hard in grade 12 does that improve my chances of getting into MIT or some other ivy league school? 1. Yes, please email us with any significant updates. 2. Yes. 3. Yes, be sure to include URLs and/or screenshots. This would be a great way to use the completely optional essay. 4. We largely focus on your accomplishments in high school. 5. We admit well rounded applicants, pointy applicants, and everything in between. I dont think this by itself will harm you. As for your grades, they are very important, and strong marks in grade 12 will certainly help. - Bhushan wrote, deadline is Jan 1 but if we do something odd which would help our aplication after deadline and we post will it be added in our file Yes, email us. - bhushan wrote, this is somewhat me: SAT2 Phy 580M1 620M2 660Having two researches, cool teachers evaluation, new ideas and lots of supplemental material. are there any chances Like Ben wrote in his most recent post, as my friend always says, if you dont apply you have a 0% chance of getting in. - Viksit wrote, I am an international student from India. I graduated from high school in 2004. Had some serious family responsibilties and chose to drop formal studies to be by my family. 1. What additional information or other materials should I send in, to help you people understand my case better? 2. I would also want to send in some abstracts of the work [Independent Projects] I have been doing during these gap years. Can I send in more than 1(preferably 3)?Its hard to chose between them. I love them all. And I would want you to look at all three? I am still working on two of these trying to better them. Can I send them after I have submitted my application? Maybe around January 20? I have read this for quite some time now that you do consider each applicant in context. I hope you take into account that somebody applying from inner suburbs of India may not have any access to information nor any kind of advice on how to go about the whole application to that effect, except for the Internet. :( 3. And, my Principal thinks that if she signs the feewaiver, she will have to incur the 60$ application fee. How do I clarify it to her? ( She says she once had done it for a student at another school, and was harassed by the university. She says she was asked to submit her Income tax returns and a whole lot of other things later.)  I know it is really strange but what do I do? 1. Please be sure to tell us what you can about your situation. If you cant fit it within the context of your application, feel free to send it in as extra information. 2. We could look at all three; do your best to summarize them. Send them in as soon as you can, especially considering international post. 3. I hope she can take my word on this blog that we would never hold a principal liable for an application fee, and would never ask for a principals income tax returns, either. She may contact our office directly if she wishes. - Anonymous wrote, Just a quick question: exactly what role does an alumni relation play in the admissions process? If my grandfather went to MIT, how (if at all) would it factor into my admissions decision? We have no legacy preference at MIT. If you are admitted, it is because you are awesome, not because your grandfather is awesome. - Meara wrote, So heres a question: I wrote this awesome essay for my common app schools and University of Chicago. I think its a lot better than the essay I wrote answering the MIT prompt, and gives a bit more insight. As a deferree, should I submit it to the admissions office? Its not like I won a Nobel prize between my EA app and now, but its a pretty good essay. Would the admissions committees reaction be more along the lines of, What an interesting essay! or Curses, another 600 words to get through!? Obviously this is difficult since you havent read my essay, but as a general rule? Also, if I want to email something to the admissions office, where should I send it to make sure it gets to the right place? Can I send a Word document as an attachment, or should I copy/paste the text into the email? Is there any way to submit extra materials online through MyMIT if my application has already been submitted? We are happy to accept extra materials that you feel would help us to get to know you better and are significant. If you believe your essay accomplishes this, then by all means send it in. You can mail any materials to the MIT Office of Admissions, Room 3-108, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. You may also send us plain text email at admissions at mit dot edu. Please dont send attachments. And, there isnt a way to submit extra materials through MyMIT after the application has been submitted. - Anonymous wrote, 1. Whats the difference between the 2 required CI-M and the 2 required REST classes? Can one fulfill the other? 2. The requirements page says that 3-4 HASS must go deep into your HASS concentration. What is this? Is it similar to a minor? 1. CI-M classes are communications intensive classes in your major; usually, you take one in your junior year, and one in your senior year. REST classes are Restricted Electives in Science and Technology; you must choose 2 from a list of 47 options. Generally, CI-M and REST classes are different, but theres nothing preventing a CI-M class from also being a REST class. [see the MIT Course Catalog for more information] 2. The HASS (Humanities, Arts Social Science) Concentration is like a mini-minor. Many students will expand this into an actual minor or sometimes a double major. (See here for more details) - Anonymous wrote, the internet of china was down. the earthshock have destroyed the cables which are under the ocean. We are aware of the problems caused by the earthquake off the coast of Taiwan. If Internet problems continue, we will allow applications from the affected areas to be sent in after the deadline. - ns wrote, hey my 8th oct toefl scores have nt yet reached MIT,the toefl authorities say that they hav posted the materials.wat shud i do? And Carla wrote, I took the SAT subject tests in July 2006, and at the site of college board they say they are already sent, however in my application tracking it says that you have not yet received the scores, what should I do? You may send us a copy of your score report along with a note describing how we have not yet posted your scores. We can then use your score report to locate our official copy. - Tom wrote, Hi Matt, like some others (and Bill above), I have a question about January SAT scores. All your previous answers in the archives seem to indicate that January SAT scores will be taken into account; however, the admissions documentation seems to emphasize the fact that theyre accepted on a case-by-case basis. Can you please elaborate on cases that arent acceptable? (In particular, will you consider simple retakes?) Thanks! And Dan wrote, I have the same question as Tom (about January SATs). I was thinking about noting in my update letter to admissions that Im taking it and you guys could consider the scores if you want or just ignore them otherwise. What do you think Matt? It is best for us to use tests from December or before. We can, however, use January scores, though it is better for our process to minimize the number of January scores. You can email us if you wish to use January scores. - Michael B. wrote, I was wondering if I have to have my SAT and TOEFL scores re-submitted this year, since I also applied last year? And Ashley wrote, Im reapplying this year for the Class of 2011. Do I have to resend my SAT scores? Can I possibly request the admissions office to consider my previous years scores instead? Thank you in advance. I believe so, but please email our office to ensure that this will be okay. - question for matt wrote, Would AdCom ever do external research on an applicant (i.e. Google his or her name, look at his or her Xanga or user profile at a website) ? Is there a policy that prevents or allows or condones or discourages this ? When the situation warrants further exploration, we will not hesitate to do further Internet searching. For example, if someone lists an award or activity that I havent heard of, I might Google it. Or if someone lists something that doesnt seem to make sense with the rest of the application, I might look for more information online. Generally, we will not look at an applicants blog unless someone explicitly directs us to it. We dont Google every applicant and were not out looking for bad words or anything on peoples personal blogs. - to matt wrote, 1) I dont think my interview went well. We didnt mesh well, and I just ended up talking about several of my extracurricular activities superficially. I was about to start talking about my science fair experiences when she told me my topic was irrelevant to the real world, so I didnt argue with her. Would a note about my interview in my application help? Or would this note be too biased, and that admissions would prefer it if I just trusted the interviewer?2) from this, http://nymag.com/news/features/24398/index.html, : There is one red flag, which is that she stopped gymnastics this year. Apparently, her school dropped the program; this should be footnoted on her résumé so she does not appear to be a quitter. However, he seems to be a serial joiner. A red flag is the Ping-Pong club, given the fact that he has little community service.These quotations are from a college admissions expert. Please help me clarify =) Would quitting some activities in senior year (because of exams and school, etc.) be detrimental to chances of getting in? How about participating in different activities throughout high school, because I was soul-searching? My guess is that I could talk about it in my essay? 3) This one is a weird question: would involvement in an intimate relationship have any effect on an application (increase/decrease chances)?4) Just one more question. Would it matter if our essay on an extracurricular activity for the pleasure of it isnt about the first activity in the list of 5? Would it be okay to write about something that isnt even on the list of 5, because I have numerous interests and Im already having a hard time deciding which to put in the list of 5? 1) Usually, even when you think your interview went poorly, your interviewer writes a positive report anyway. We also know that the interviewer generally meets you once for an hour or so, while your teachers and counselors who write on your behalf have much more in depth experience with you. So, in short, I wouldnt worry too much. 2) The article you quote from was, I think, too superficial and may have caused more anxiety than is warranted. As for joining activities: we hope youll explore, we hope youll do things you enjoy, we hope youll make an impact along the way. I dont see dropping activities as a red flag necessarily. I dont think you need to write a whole essay about why you tried different things, no worries. 3) Unless theres something unusual, I doubt it would have any impact one way or the other. 4) Yes, that would be just fine. - Abhishek wrote, i m a student from india i wanna ask u one thing. WHY [] DO U REQUIRE MIN 90 SCORE IN TOEFL(ibt). can a person below this score cant communicate in english or what.the toefl exam can be wrong.an american student can also get score less than 90. PLEASE DO SOMETHING REGARDING IT.plz dont make 90 as a comulsory score. The language of instruction at MIT is English, and we want to do our best to ensure success for all of our students. We have based our minimum scores on experiences here at MIT with our enrolled students and with faculty input. A general note: Id ask that all commenters try their best to use proper English and not Internet slang, and to refrain from using swear words. - DB wrote, Im an international applicant. I have an unweighted CGPA of 3.41 but I am in the top 10 of my school. My co-curriculum is one the best the school has ever had. For my SAT 2, Physics 710, Math 2 730, Chemistry 790 TOEFL CBT 253. I wrecked my SAT 1CR 520, Math 710, Writing 530. I have a friend who got admitted without submitting SAT 1, opting for TOEFL + SAT 2 But I submitted all. Can the admission office drop my SAT 1 scores and only take into consideration my TOEFL and SAT 2 scores? Do I have a chance to be among the 100+ international students who gets admitted? We will use your TOEFL scores and you SAT IIs, and not use your SAT I. If you apply, you could be admitted; youll be considered along with all of the other applicants. - lostfound wrote, I am an international student. I submitted my application yesterday. I have one question: I didnt write my class rank. As the 7th in my class, I am in the top 4% in my class. Do you think e-mailing this information to the admissions office would help? My high school doesnt report our ranks to colleges; therefore the admissions office wouldnt have any other means of knowing it from the application. Usually, we will only accept official class rank from the school. - Anonymous wrote, Looks like there are more than a few questions for you to get through here, but Ill throw mine in anyway; Ive written and rewritten the optional essay for my application and I just cant get it to a state where Im happy with it. Im very pleased with what Ive got down in the first (non-optional) essay, so is it going to be better for my application to leave out the optional essay completely and have no chance of it harming my application or to include something Im not entirely happy with on the possibility that it might help? If youre talking about the essay where you talk about something youve created, I hope that youll submit it so we can learn about your creation. If its an anything else? essay, you may wish to leave it out. - theresa wrote, is it okay if I send in a music supplement and a creative writing supplement? or is that too much? on the part of the application that asks what I do for fun, I talked about creative writing, and made a reference to a piece I wrote I was going to send in that piece, in addition to a music dvd if thats not too much. The music supplement will go directly to the music office, so well never see it, and it wont overburden us. We would be happy to take your creative writing supplement. - yohini wrote, Hey i am an international student, The problem is i have applied for MIT but i didnt get the confirmation in my MIT application yet. And, since i have a long name, collegeboard could not accomadate it completely, so my score reports will arrive missing part of my 1st name, whereas my application has my full name. Do you think i should wirte to admissions about this? Also, i am planning to take some additional exams in feb, can i update the admission committee about the results in feb? We may still be processing your application, give it some time. As for your situation with the College Board, I would definitely email admissions at mit dot edu to inform our records office. They will need this information to match your tests with your application. February exams are too late for our process. - adel wrote, I came to U.S. on September of 2005. I cant take two subject test because I have really hard time with vocabulary. What should I do? Should I take one in sience in Jan. if I can? I already took MAth I and Math II. We require an SAT Subject Test in both math and science from all applicants, regardless of English language fluency. You should take a Science test in January if you can. - Chan wrote, Hello. Im an international applicant and every piece of my application filled by other parties has passed through my hands in fact, Ive been consulted on the content of some. I know specifically that my integrity has been *highly* rated on all of those forms but has my ability to inspect these documents infringed on that integrity? One teacher even emailed me the form to print out PS: I didnt ask to see the forms. Ill be mailing them all on Friday, as a convenience to the people who filled the forms; they trust me a lot. Is an extra recommendation from a less friendly source advised? [I already asked for it. Do you accept e-mailed recommendations?] We know that sometimes students see their recommendations before they are sent in. Its not our preference, but we know it happens. Chan, I can tell by the way you write this that you are a person of integrity. Thank you for being upfront and honest. Theres no need to get a less friendly recommendation to balance friendly ones. In general, we do not accept email recommendations, but if a supplemental recommendation were emailed to us with all of your information, we would add it to your file. - Anonymous wrote, 1. If we get into a certain house freshman year, can we keep the same housing all four years? Same room all four years? How likely are you to get into the house of your choice? Especially for MacGregor =) 2. If you dont take the FEE or dont have APs, are you required to take CI-HW or can you just take CI-Hs? 1. The majority of students who live in dorms choose to stay in the same dorm for all four years. You may stay in the same dorm all four years. In the housing lottery, 90+% of students receive one of their top choices; dorm preferences shift from year to year, as do available rooms, so I have no idea what the lottery will look like for MacGregor this coming year. 2. A CI-HW is required of all students, unless you pass out of it with AP credit or the FEE. You have two opportunities to take the FEE online, and a third opportunity to take it during Orientation. [see here for more info] - Anonymous wrote, 1. I was told that Admissions staff looks at SATII scores and than based on the scores they make a pile of people with Rejected or Accepted. From that Accepted pile, than they go down to evaluating essays and recommendation letters to make a refined selection. 2. Also, I was wondering how do you determine if someone is top5% or 20%? Are these percentages refered to your academic standing in classroom? Percentage of Those Ranked who were: in Top 5%, in Top 5-10%, in Top 10-20%, below top 20% All this rumours are confusing and making me worried about applying to MIT. 1. I have no idea where rumors like this come from. It is completely false. 2. Those statistics are based on the school-reported class rank and class size. For example, if your school reported that your rank was 14, and your class size was 200, you would be in Top 5-10%. As a general rule, dont believe a rumor unless you read it here. - suspicious dad wrote, Heres a question you can answer to persuade my dad that I can check the financial aid box in my app without worries: If MIT does not care if an applicant will need financial aid, then why is it that financial aid applications are due February 15th? That is about a month or so before decisions come out. Please help! My dad refuses to apply for financial aid because hes really suspicious that itll hurt my chances. I assure you we are genuinely need blind in our admissions for international and domestic applicants. The financial aid deadline is February 15th because the financial aid office needs a month to complete financial aid packages so that when we mail decisions, we can include the package as well as the acceptance. Your dad may also be interested to know that nearly every international student at MIT receives financial aid, and the average package is over $30,000/year. - Carl L. wrote, Does MIT accept rush reporting for SAT scores? My mom just requested them on Friday (December 22)when she realized she hadnt done it earlier. The College Board said they were processed yesterday (Dec 26th) but that they could not garuntee a school would accept them and we needed to check with MIT if rush reporting is accepted. Help!! We can accept rushed reports, but we recommend sending the score the traditional way and not spending the extra money. - Anonymous wrote, Does MIT look at an applicants scores for the individual sections of the ACT, or do they only see the overall composite score? I didnt do too well overall, but math was my strongest section. Will they be able to see that? Yes, we will look not just at the composite but also at the individual components of the ACT. - sarah wrote, im an international applicant studying the British system of A-levels, and I was wondering if i can get exempted out of a couple of classes if i get A grades in my subjects (which are Math, Physics, Chemistry, Economics, Further Math), or would it still be necessary to take AP exams? We recognize A Levels, no need to take AP exams. See here for more info. - Yossarian wrote, Just wondering, but how can we find out if supplemental material have been recieved by the office of admissions? We dont track supplemental materials on MyMIT. If you call the office, we may be able to have someone physically check the application folder. - Sammy wrote, Ugh hope Im not too late to be asking this question, I havent had access to the internet recently. I also hope this is the right place to ask. Anyway, my guidance counselor recently informed me that she did NOT obtain the grades from my former high-school form my grade transcript. I just managed to obtain them myself with difficulty, considering the school was closed for the holidays. I study under a British system (in Egypt, no less), but its still necessary to send my results for grades 9 and 10, right? Also, Im wondering just how to send the results as I believe the counselor has already submitted her official report should I mail them, or enclose them in a P.D.F. with my online application? What information should I include to ensure they are processed correctly if mailed? If you have obtained the transcript, we would like to have it as a part of your file. At the very least, wed like your O Level results. Mail would be best; see if your high school will pay the postage. Make sure what you send has your name and date of birth. - Anonymous wrote, For the Mid-Year Grade Report, the MIT website states that only students in U.S. Schools are responsible for this doccument. Do you want a report card from students in other school systems? (The on-line application tracking shows that this section is incomplete without it. Do you waive this requirement for international students?) And Anonymous wrote, As an international student Id also like to know what to do about the Mid-Year Report. Should I just ignore it? We do not require the Mid-Year Grade Report for students not in American schools. You may still send in the form if it is relevant to you. - Anonymous wrote, *standardized test*1) i had my annual sports meet in december and was very busy with that(i am the head girl of my school)..and so it would have been impractical of me to take my SAT subject tests then because i did not have time to prepare..also the syllabus had not been completed in my schooli)the january test date is towards thye end of janwhich is when im taking the subject testsis that too late? does that mean the rest of my application would have been reviewed by thenand the jan scores would be somewhat of a make-or-break???.or will my apllication only be evaluated after my scores are recieved?ii)am i a case for jan scores to be considered?2)although ive taken my SAT1 and sent the scorescan i also send in my TOEFL scores?then,will you choose the better of the two?*recommendations*3)do you accept e-mailed recommendations? my principal who left a few years ago knows me way better than the current principal of my schoolbut hes in dubaiim in indiacan i have him e-m ail a recommendation?plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz!!!!!4)where should he e-mail it?*supplementary material*5)can i send in my poems,stories and outlines for novels?how?where?in what format?and how much/how many?6)i have sent my ICSE scores(class 10..).now in jan..i will have my pre-board examscan i mail those grades to you? should i just e-mail it..or mail a copy attested by my principal? if i e-mail itso it reaches you fasterwill there be a problem about authenticity? 1. Please email admissions at mit dot edu to use January scores. 2. Yes, you can (and probably should) send along TOEFL scores. 3. In general, we do not accept email recommendations, but if a supplemental recommendation were emailed to us with all of your information, we would add it to your file. You should have an official at your current school send along the official recommendation. 4. You can email admissions at mit dot edu. 5. This sounds like a great topic for the completely optional essay about your creations. You may also send in any supplemental materials you think would be of help to us. 6. I would email or fax the new marks, and follow it up with an official copy in the mail. - Anonymous wrote, where do we mention that january scores are to be expected?and that im sending TOEFL as well as SAT1 scores? You can mention this in various places in the Part 2, or via email. - Mike wrote, Im a homeschool student excited to be applying RA and I have a few things Id like to confirm regarding the application and how it applies to my situation:(1) In Section 4 of Part 2 of the online application, you ask Are you graduating from secondary school early or without a diploma?. As a homeschooler, I wont enter college with an offical high school diploma, yet its not because I left early or didnt graduate. How should I respond to this question?(2) In Section 6 of Part 2, you ask for Self-Reported Coursework yet clearly state To be completed by students in U.S. school systems only. Does this include me as a US homeschooler? (3) Although I have taken courses through a local community college and have sent you a copy of my transcript from that school, I do not have anyone who would be logical to fill out the Secondary School Report and Transcript application component. Most of the information requested in that paperwork doesnt really apply to my situation. Should I just omit this form?(4) Similarly to #3, Im not sure how best to handle the Mid-Year Grade Report component? 1. If your homeschool coordinator will deem you graduated, you dont need to answer this question; well consider this a diploma. 2. Yes, you should definitely fill out the self-reported coursework. 3. We would also like a report of any schooling youve done under the homeschool umbrella. Wed like to know what you were learning and how you were evaluated. Your homeschool coordinator should write a letter telling us more about your schooling, and about your formal and informal coursework. 4. You dont need to worry about the mid-year grade report, unless you expect to receive new grades in the next two months. - Anonymous wrote, I have taken some dual enrollment classes at a community college and have requested that an offical transcript of my work be sent to you. Unfortunatly, the office closed before my semester grades were posted and wont re-open until the first week of January. This means that my transcript will be postmarked several days after the 1/1 deadline. Is this OK or do I need to indicate it somewhere on my application so you know to be looking? If so, where? This is okay, send it as soon as you can. - Hopeful wrote, I am an international applicant. I have a 600 on the SAT 1 math but a 730 on the SAT 2 math level 1. Can you please tell me which one will be considered in the admissions process? Also, my TOEFL results will come out on 18th Jan. Will it be too late for MIT to consider it? We will consider your TOEFL. Assuming your TOEFL is better than your SAT I, we will consider your TOEFL and SAT IIs, but not your SAT I. - bhushan wrote, do u distinguish b/w TOEFL(iBT) 90+ 100+ 110+ Yes, we do distinguish between different TOEFL scores. - bhushan wrote, International. if i send only 10th and 12th report without transcript will it do We would like your transcript. - Abhinav M. wrote, Im an International Applicant from India. My old school in Mumbai where I attended grades 9-10 required me to send their transcript separately. So, I sent my regular application materials from my current school (Sec. School Report, Recommendations etc) and sent only the Grade 9-10 transcript and ICSE Marksheet in a separate envelope. Application tracking does not indicate whether uve received both envelopes it only indicates Secondary School Report and Transcript which Im sure is my Grade 11-12 one I assume we will receive your 9-10 transcript. If youd like, you can email the office later in January, and we may be able to physically check the application folder for you. - Roshan S. wrote, My SAT scores were sent to MIT by the College Board in June this year. I submitted Part 1 of my application online on Dec 11, but the My.MIT tracking page still shows no scores received. Im wondering whether this is because of the technical glitch you mentioned earlier or because my fee waiver application hasnt reached you yet. In any case, Ive sent a photocopy of my score report with my application materials, which I mailed yesterday. Should I order another official score report for MIT? And should I order rush reporting or the regular kind? It would be wonderful if you could locate the June 2006 report and add it to my file, if your system has it. You did the right thing by sending the photocopy. I suspect this will help us track down your scores. If it still doesnt show up later in January, call or email the office and well see what we can do. - another question for matt wrote, do the majority or minority of accepted applicants have the AP 5 or IB 7 credit ? Is that the standard of students that get into MIT (students at the first year credit level) ? Yes, there will be a range, some students will have the credit and some will not, but is it a majority of accepted applicants that are at the first-year level? It is true that a majority of first year students at MIT come in with some credit from high school. I know that, for example, more than half the class places out of single variable calculus. - tom wrote, What if my toefl scores wont be available until the first week of Feb ? I had my toefl on Dec 8th, but computers in test center broke down. Now my toefl is scheduled on 19th of January. I know that many students in my country have this problem. This should be okay. You may wish to note this on your application. - Yazeed wrote, I submitted my application weeks ago. However, a fairly interesting project that is on a national level has just evolved and I am involved as a founder. Is there a way I can add this to my application or just for the committee to review? (Since I feel it stresses some more stuff about me within its context). Moreover, generalizing the question, if one applicant earns some extraordinary awards, work on some impressive projects, or generally be involved in something that is very interesting, is it possible to report that to the admission committee? Is it usually more beneficial to the committee to make its decision? Yes, if anything interesting happens to you after submitting the application, you should inform our office via email, mail, or fax. - Keone wrote, 1. For scholastic distinctions, should we overflow into the additional information section if there are more than seven items? Or is this like the extracurriculars question, where you only want what we consider to be the most important ones?2. On the self-reported course work, I thought I remembered seeing something about how we should leave the grade section blank if the grade wasnt out yet (or if we hadnt taken the class). Is this correct? Should we list all classes for senior year, and leave the ones with no grades yet blank? [Sorry if this has been asked beforeIm sure it must have been but I couldnt find it.]3. Would it be appropriate to explain in the additional information section that I didnt apply early anywhere, and why? (My school has a policy that makes early action unofficially binding in an effort to encourage colleges to accept our students. In my case, due to financial concerns I didnt want to commit to one place.) I know you guys dont overanalyze the whol e early action thing the way some colleges do, but I just dont want my lack of an early application to be perceived as a lack of interest. Hi Keone! I hope all is well. 1. Like the extracurriculars, Id list the top one in the section, and you can feel free to list the others under additional information or in an attached resume, if you prefer. 2. Youre right list all of your courses through the end of high school, and leave the grade blank if you havent gotten it yet. 3. You may explain if you wish. For your school, I am well aware of the policy. As you note, we dont stress demonstrated interest as much as some other schools do, and we try our best to consider regular and early action applicants on even ground. So, I wouldnt worry. - Muneeb wrote, hi i gave my Sat1 twice and i got a 700 both times. i am an international applicant. i got a 790 on a MATHSL2 SAT2. I was wondering if a high sat2 can compensate for a medicore sat1. also i gave my toefl on the 15th this month. ever since i have been trying to update mit as a receipient but the toefl site keeps crashing. would it be alright if the scores are a bit late. i have been trying everyday but to no avail. ps my CR and writing scores are up to par. It is okay if your TOEFL scores arrive after the deadline. Assuming they are good, we will use TOEFL instead of the SAT I, so that wont matter anyway. - Muneeb wrote, i have been developing databases since my sophomore year. these involve research and development but obviously i cant write a lot about it in the 500 word optional essay. i was wondering if i could send in an additional paper via mail that is the abstract that says how exactly i did the project and a sample of the original work Yes, you may do so. - kanika wrote, im from india but plz dnt get da usual impression ppl tend to have bou indian studentsi mean nerdyishwell im a regular applicant n i jus wanted to ask y dsnt my application status show that my evaluations have been received even though they were deliverd a long time agon part 2 of my application is also nt bein accepted cuz it says i have some eror in da score entries ,,i have taken toefl but my acores arent available as yet n ill be takin da subject tests on the jan date so i really dnt have ne scores to list on my application so i left the fields blank n my applications nt bein accepted wat [] is dat..ill be screwewd up fer life if this continued hpnin er da nxt 24 hrs or so also sumbody plz help me out of tis prob. You should put in the date that you took or will take the exams, and you can put TBA or something similar for the score, if you need to. A general note: Id ask that all commenters try their best to use proper English and not Internet slang, and to refrain from using swear words. - Anonymous wrote, againi have only submitted my ICSE marksheet..(class 10)..that apart i intend to send the grades from my pre-boards but that will only be around the end of jan/beginning of feband i will b taking my SAT IIs in jansois everything coming in too late?..??? If we have all of your marks to date, then we dont need anything until your pre-boards. You should email our office to inform us that you will be taking the SAT II in January. - Anonymous wrote, Is there a way that I can tell if my community college transcript has been received by MIT? I assume we will receive your transcript. If youd like, you can call or email the office later in January, and we may be able to physically check the application folder for you. - Sabina wrote, Im an international student.2 yrs outside U.S. and 2 Yrs. in U.S.So how are my applications judged, is it tougher for me becoz ill be compared to both international and U.S. applicants. Also, I cant get any materials such as rec. letters and original transcripts from my country but Ive my copy of a letter from my principal,not a recommendation letter though, and my transcripts , is it ok if i send the copies instead. Ive already applied and send everything from U.S. will they contact me if they need stuffs from my previous school or will they just throw my application away, im really worried. One more.Im taking TOEFL on January becoz i wasnt able to give them on Dec. when i called the admission officer, she told me its ok if i send my TOEFL scores on January, but after reading the blogs here i realized that i havent done anything for Case By Case,whatever that is. i have no clue what im supposed to do , could you please clarify it for me. If you are not a US citizen or permanent resident, we will evaluate you just like all of the other international applicants. We would like official copies of all transcripts; perhaps your grades from overseas are listed on your US transcript? We will not throw your application away. For TOEFL, you should email the office to note that you will have January scores. - Sabina wrote, hey Matt, sorry for a wrong question(off topic) in a wrong time. but is going through yrs homepage and i saw that you like bollywood movies. Do you understand Hindi? I dont know Hindi, but luckily they subtitle most of the films that make it over here. The last Bollywood film I saw was Dhoom 2. Some of my favorites have been Lagaan, Kal Ho Naa Ho, and Swades. - Ritwik wrote, I have already submitted my application and all scores etc. have been received by MIT (as it says on MyMIT account). I just wanted to ask, how much weightage is given to our SAT II scores in Math and science? Cause Im applying from Canada and I hadnt learned many of the materials we were tested on. Therefore I couldnt get the most competitive scores. Will MIT consider this as a part of the context ? We dont make decisions based on test scores, but test scores are certainly considered. - Tara wrote, Sorry to add to the many questions, but I have a couple myself. I sent in my ACT and SAT scores on the same date (early December), however, only my SAT scores have been processed. Also, my teach evaluations were both sent out on the same date, but only Evaluation B was processed (Evaluation A was not). Help?! Thanks!!! Id wait a week or so and see what shows up. Probably the Eval A will be processed soon. The ACT scores come in a different way than the SAT scores, Im sure theyll come in, too. If they dont, email or call the office. - Amjad wrote, im an international student from jordan i just wanted to say that i rank #6 in a 35-student class in my 11th grade is that a good rank or what? my GPA is still Excellent though. one more thing i dont know if you remember me but im that international student you met at the arts garden in indianapolis i told you i got 86 in TOEFL and you told me to retake it :).. i did and i got 102 :) i guess thats good indeed. for the record, i got 790 physics and 730 math but i am still afraid because im not taking an international high school system. It sounds like youll be a competitive applicant. Im glad you got your TOEFL score up. Best wishes! - confused-international-applicant wrote, Well Matt, it has been so long since u last answered questions that I really forgot what i had to ask. frist of all, i got 720 in maths IIc, physics 790 and chemistry 800. well, maths is not exactly what u call impressive because of the low percentile but still my friendz interviewer said it sucked. Now Ill agree that to get in as an international student is tough, really tough but that doesnt mean 710 in maths IIc is rubbish. or does it? Interviewer said our apps are not gonna be considered implying that 720 or 710 was a deal breaker. For my friend, it was a heart breaker too. So i wanna know if any of this stuff what he said is real, and yeah one more thing that Id like to quote: admissions depend on 80-90 percent on academics. Well Matt you gotta explain that honestly, if thats the case then all the nerds should be in but we hear people telling a perfect SAT scorer was denied so how do u justify that with the statement the interviewer gave. Thanks and Merry Christmas. If your interviewer said that your scores sucked and that you wont be considered, I hope that youll contact our office directly to tell us what happened, as that is out of line for an interviewer. We consider applications in a holistic fashion; there is no formula. There is no percentage that academics count for, though strong academics are very important. - Carla wrote, hello Matt! i have a little problem, the report from my interview has not encore been processed, and when I filled the conducted interview form I filled in the date in the format day/month/year, which is the format that i am used to, instead of month/day/year, what should I do? should I resend the form with the correct date? thanks fou all your answers! I wouldnt worry, it will be okay. - Anonymous wrote, Whens the portal going to be up? I dont know what you mean, Im sorry. - RD Applicant wrote, As another person asked earlier, if my school never officially informed me of my AIME scores, would it hurt if I just indicated that I qualified for the AIME but do not know what my official score was? And are AMC/AIME scores ever used against applicants? Is there a certain target score on either exam? You can indicate that you were an AIME qualifier. We us AMC and AIME scores in a similar fashion to other aspects of your application, like awards or AP scores. There is no target score for either exam, though obviously higher is always better! - RD Applicant wrote, I was recently informed that I won the Siemens Award for Advanced Placement in my state. The Siemens Award for AP is a nationally recognized award, so does this make the award a national one or a state one? (Assuming that national awards should take precedence over state ones in the awards section of the application, if the Siemens Award for AP counts as a state award, would it be better for me to replace it with the AP Scholar w/ Distinction award, which is definitely a national award but is not nearly as selective?) Those national/state/etc. checkboxes can sometimes help us distinguish what level of a competition or award was reached. Given that, it would probably be best to choose state, since there is also a national AP award. - Anonymous wrote, If I took college classes from a local university do I need to have the university send MIT an official transcript or is it okay if I just report the grades I received on my Self-Reported course work form? We prefer to receive official transcripts for all grades. - Anonymous wrote, Quick question about the Additional Info section Is there any specific way we should present extra info? Essay form? Lists of random facts? Limmericks?? You should present whatever additional information you need to convey in the most straightforward manner possible. - Jigar wrote, The award won in FIRST robotics. Is it considered regional or national? Because in Canada it only happens in once place so it can be considered National but since its called Greater Toronto Regional it can be considered regional award. So is it regional or national? If teams mostly come from Ontario, Id consider it regional; if they come from across the country, Id consider it national. - NoOneInParticular wrote, hmmmsince the music department will be evaluating any musical pieces we send in to support our applicationare there people familiar with Indian classical music in the MIT music dept? Theres at least one. - NoOneInParticular wrote, Also, about how long after the deadline are you able to accept supplemental materials (including supplemental materials other than music)? Anything you send will be considered up until decisions are mailed. If you want your supplemental material considered within the context of the selection committee, I recommend you send in things by the end of January.

Hip Hop Culture Essay - 1326 Words

Hip-Hop culture is often confused with the Hip-Hop genre. Hip-Hop as a culture is more than just the music, it is a way of life. Hip-Hop music as a genre has changed from being Rap to including Pop. Hip-Hop is an evolving culture, constantly changing as the older generation fades and the newer generation carries on the legacy along with incorporating its new style. The new generation of Hip-Hop or rather Hip-Hop today focuses more on Partying, music, and Swag rather than the original elements: Deejaying, Emceeing, Graffiti, and B-Boy or break dancing. These elements are still seen in todays Hip-Hop but have adapted a new style. Hip-Hop started in the early 1970s by Clive Campbell, known as DJ Kool Herc, in Bronx, New York. He was born†¦show more content†¦Bambaataa used Hip-Hop to positively influence gang life. Bambaataa believed the values of Hip-Hop were â€Å"peace, unity, love, and having fun† (hiphop.sh). The creation of Zulu Nation was a product of Bambaataas quest to turn gang life into a positive aspect of the community. Zulu nation encompassed a group of â€Å"socially and politically aware rappers, B-boys (break dancers), Graffiti artists, and other people involved in the Hip-Hop culture† (hiphop.sh). Through DJ Kool Herc and Afrika Bambaataa Hip-Hop culture became defined as Deejaying, Emceeing, Graffiti, and Break dancing. Partying is defined as going out to clubs also known as clubbing. The club goers attend clubs that play Hip-Hop music and are usually mostly African Americans between the ages of 18 and 30. Some clubs have restriction on age and are only 21 and up, in order to freely serve alcohol. The Deejay holds a very important role in making a party live or poppin (fun, packed, or upbeat). Partying involves dancing at the club, getting wasted (becoming intoxicated), a social gathering, and a place to meet someone of the opposite sex. House parties have become less popular and clubs have become the new move (thing to do or plan, like on a weekend). The Deejay plays the same role as the older generation such that he still scratches and mixes (chops and screws) but with different equipment. â€Å"The only major difference with 80s Hip-Hop and todays is that we use our computers. We digitally chop andShow MoreRelatedHip Hop Culture And Culture950 Words   |  4 PagesHow the Hip Hop Culture Separates But Comes Together The Hip Hop culture itself varies with individualism and collectivism, along with the power distance experienced with artists collectively starting joint ventures together as well as having polychronic opportunities but having the same monochronic idea, which is make money. This cultural began collectively on empowerment. Artists in this culture use their platform to promote their individuality whether it is good positive rap or â€Å"gangsta rap†Read MoreThe Hip Hop Culture1476 Words   |  6 Pagesgenre. I have listened to all of the considered essential hip hop â€Å"classic† and modern day albums. I noticed in these â€Å"classic† albums very distinct change in subject matter and style that each of the different areas of rappers on where they originate from. Some people believe that the hip-hop culture is at a decline with the lose of this uniqueness and individuality shown in each of these areas. I too even thought that the hip-hop culture was at a decline until I was researching my topic, but insteadRead MoreHip Hop Culture And Culture1196 Words   |  5 PagesHip-Hop Culture and race have had a complicated relationship in the past two decades. It has been commonly referred to as â€Å"black music† and a reflection of black culture. However, recent studies done by the Mediamark Research Inc. showed that 60% of rap music buyers are white. 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Physics of Basketball Essay - 1867 Words

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Abstract on Marketing Intelligence System for a Media Company Free Essays

string(28) " to them by the executives\." Marketing Intelligence Database Management at Manipal Media Network Limited A project by * Abhishek Gupta * Aishwarya Shetty * Nikhil Modi * Nikita Patel * Pritish Prabhu * Rahul Dara * Reshma R * Rishi Gupta * Sudip Ray * Vaibhav Goswami OVERVIEW OF MMNL Manipal Media Network Limited is a subsidiary of Manipal Group which specializes in printing and publications. Udayavani, the flagship publication of the MMNL is a leading daily Kannada newspaper. Its subscriptions reach most cities of Karnataka including Mangalore, Bangalore and Gulbarga. We will write a custom essay sample on Abstract on Marketing Intelligence System for a Media Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its first issue was in 1971 and it continues to grow daily reaching more than 300,000 houses. BUSINESS STRATEGY MMNL has always tried to maintain the values of its shareholders and customers against its competition. MMNL strives to be a Multi-media Corporation, making its presence felt across several platforms including print, e-papers among others delivering local news and entertainment solutions. IT STRATEGY The strategy of the IT team of MMNL is consistently aligned with the overall strategy of the company. This is done by the higher management who believe that IT plays an integral part in proving a competitive advantage. The IT team has provided MMNL with various solutions ahead of its time such as iTunes’ first Kannada Application, the first Kannada News Android App and has entered into partnerships with media leaders such as Yahoo and Newshunt. The IT team has also ensured that MMNL is a leader in delivering news on online platforms such as Android, IOS and Web. Along with this, it has developed internal MIS systems and also worked hand in hand with companies like 4CPlus for successful ERP implementations in numerous areas. By implementing Market Intelligence Database System which will help us in storing the data in a structured format and providing management with quality information which will give them a better insight for efficient decision making. Strategic Alignment Model * Alignment of business and IT strategy: * The overall business strategy of MMNL is to be a multi media corporation with presence across platforms delivering hyper local news and entertainment solutions. The IT team works in alignment with this overall strategy and strives to provide cutting edge technology solutions that are ahead in time, however keeping the cost aspect in perspective. Some of the results of their effort is – ITunes first Kannada App, First Kannada News App on Android, Partnership with global leaders like Yahoo and Newshunt. Since many readers today have access to internet and spend a lot of time on it, the industry feels that there might be a shift from traditional newspaper to online platforms. * Howev er, this should take a decade’s time or so. MMNL being a leader in coastal in Karnataka sees this as an opportunity to be leader on online platforms as well like Android, IOS, Web. Alignment of business and IT capabilities: * In order to align the business capabilities with IT capabilities, we have provided a suggestion to use IT capabilities in order to improve business processes and using IT tools to promote customer loyalty. The marketing intelligence system proposed by us is a step towards accomplishing this objective. * Alignment of business strategy and business capabilities: * In order to align the business strategy with business capabilities, social architecture tools can be formulated. The existing resources and capabilities should be fully utilized in order to implement the business strategy. * Training and motivating the workforce and incentivizing the workforce on successful completion of strategic objectives and goals are the means towards achieving it. * Alignment of IT strategy and IT capabilities: * When it comes to internal strategy, the IT team has developed internal MIS system and also engaged with an external agency for ERP implementation which has been done successfully in many areas. This proves that the current IT capabilities are quite robust and can be further utilized to drive business growth. * Alignment of IT strategy and capabilities can be achieved by having a cross-functional team of managers with expertise is IT knowledge and business knowledge so as to leverage the full potential of its IT capabilities. COMPETITION The major competitors to Udayavani are Prajavani, Vijay Karnataka, Kannada Prabha, Sanjevani among others. This leads to major emphasis being placed on gathering and use of market intelligence as the competition is cut throat. MARKET INTELLIGENCE Marketing Intelligence includes everyday information relevant to a company, collate and analyze the obtained information for subsequent decision making in determining market opportunities, risks and strategies. The system is to be designed for usage by the management of the company and can be viewed by all the employees of the company. This specifically enables the management to see current key performance factors in real time and analyze trends, rather than wait for analysts to deliver periodic reports. Market Intelligence is a subset of Business Intelligence which is a set of methodologies, processes, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information. INFORMATION GATHERING Market related data reaches the company through various sources. The lower level of the organisation consists of executives and trainees who visit distributors on a daily basis. The sources of information could be by a company employees or special agents and the mode of information is mainly through phone calls, SMS, email or through other market sources. The bulk of the information is however gathered by these lower level executives from the distributors and hawkers usually during the early hours of the morning. The information consists of competitors strategies with respect to: * Advertising space, * Insertions of pamphlets, * Change of content in existing publications (page design) * Emergence of new newspapers (VRL publication) * Distributors margins * Expansion by competitors in new territories * Subscription rate Manipal Institute of Communication conducts yearly market research on behalf of MMNL which gives them insight into the new trends and expectations from customers and distributors. STORAGE OF DATA MMNL presently maintains individual excel sheets for each of its competitors. The assistant managers are tasked with collating and compiling the data given to them by the executives. You read "Abstract on Marketing Intelligence System for a Media Company" in category "Papers" This data is maintained according to: * Date and division * Edition * Geographic area and edition * Source of information and context * Findings * Employee entering data and * Employee validating the data The data is validated through multiple sources in different regions and also through cross verification. Example: Data collected in Mangalore will be cross checked with similar repeating data from Udupi and Manipal. Due to such disparate sources, data comes in various formats, due to which collation of data is very difficult. Also, it is difficult to comprehend this data and bringing it into a common platform may distort it. Since information is not properly structured, it may get distorted while sharing between various departments and its interpretation could be different by different people. PROBLEM The problem faced by MMNL is on three levels. 1. Lack of structure- Data reaching the company is unstructured and in fragmented form. It makes the data difficult to comprehend. Since data is of strategic importance, it could have high impact on company’s future strategy or decision. 2. Transfer of data – The data leakage during the transfer of data is the biggest problem faced by MMNL. The executives at the lower level who pass the data to the managerial level use their discretion and pass the data what they feel is important instead of all the data gathered. This leads to loss of data which may turn out to be important. 3. Accessibility – MMNL has data of the past 8-9 years which is stored using excel sheets. A separate excel sheet is maintained for every company. Whenever the company has to check some data it has to go through all the files which is a cumbersome process. 4. Acceptance – When a new system is implemented people may not be ready to accept it. They may be anxious about what the change may lead to. RECOMMENDATIONS Few options that are present to address the issue of data leakage faced by MMNL are: 1. Toll-free number – The company can acquire a toll free number on which the executives will call and/or SMS the data which will be recorded through an automated system. If this is implemented the executives will not have to take extra efforts to pass on the data to their managers which in turn it will minimize any data leakage. The costs associated are: * BSNL – Cost is Rs. 1. 60/minute. * Initial Cost: Rs. 13000 (Rs. 10000 refundable) * Fixed monthly cost: Rs. 1000 * Tata – Cost is Rs. 2. 39/minute * Initial Cost: Rs. 30000 (Rs. 25000 refundable) Fixed monthly cost: Rs. 3000 * Reliance – Cost is Rs. 2. 20/minute * Initial Cost: Rs 13000 (Rs. 10000 refundable) * Fixed monthly cost: Depends on usage 2. Incentives – Keeping the existing system of personally reporting the data to managers in place, incentives can be provided periodically based on quantity and quality of data. This will ensure that executives are encouraged to pass on every piece of avai lable information. If the toll-free system is implemented by MMNL then it can provide incentives to executives who report the data. The problem of unreliable data will not arise as the data will be validated from sources in different regions. 3. Training and development – MMNL can perform training and development programs which are imperative to mould the staff in accordance with the company’s strategy. A company’s sales force is very crucial for the intelligence gathering activity as they can provide excellent data about the current trends in the market. They are also a very credible source for acquiring confidential data about competitors, consumers, suppliers etc. For sales force outside Manipal and Udupi, a trainer can be made to tour different parts of the country. 4. Network Externally – In order to keep a tab on its competitors, measures should be taken to track how competitors are performing. For this, purchasing the competitor’s products, checking their advertising campaigns, the press media coverage, reading their published reports, etc can be done. This process is called Competitive intelligence which is the broader discipline of researching, analyzing and formulating data and information from the entire competitive environment of any organization. . Collect Competitive Intelligence through customer feedback – Customer feedback is an important aspect for any company as it is the customer who purchases the product. Online platforms like chat rooms, blogs, discussion forums, customer review boards etc can be used to generate customer feedback. This enables the company to understand its customer’s view about th e product. For this, a structured system can be applied by the company to obtain the relevant data. Manipal Institute of Communications does yearly surveys to find out changing customer perceptions regarding MMNL. . For the issue of accessibility MMNL can implement a database. * The centralised database will be in the following format: * The basic cost for a database system is around Rs. 1. 5 lakhs but depending on the different features needed by MMNL the cost can vary. * The database form can be opened at any time by the employees. A static link will be provided. * Our centralized database system will be decided into 2 main categories: * Internal Data * External Data * Internal Data * The employees can enter the intelligence acquired on internal matters in this section. The data entered here will be like delivery problems, supply chain problems etc. * There will be a form asking them what are the issues and the department it relates to. * External Data * This section will again be divided into 2 parts: * Competitor data * Advertising Data * Competitor Data * In this form the employee will have to enter intelligence pertaining to: * Name of the company * News Acquired * Source of News * Advertising Data * In this form the employee will have to enter intelligence pertaining to: * Name of the company * News Acquired Source of News * The database will also have a verification code. * Every employee will be given a unique code which he has to enter before submitting the intelligence data. * This will secure the database and will also eliminate the possibility of anyone entering data wrongly under the name of any other person. * The problem of acceptance can be addressed in the following manner: a) Involvement of employees (i) Executives: Involving them in regards to the various incentives on offer will help reduce the anxiety to change; this will also help in building loyalty. ii) Employees: The employees can be involved through inputs about the functions needed by them in the database system. b) Workshops – MMNL can conduct workshops in the initial months after the implementation of the database system and the toll free number. * Representation through GRIDS QUICK WIN SUSTAINABILITY RISK IMPLEMENTATION RISK DUMB IDEA NEW SYSTEM at MMNL SIZE OF OPPORTUNITY ABILITY TO EXECUTE (PG. NO. 34, CHAPTER 1,CORPORATE INFORMATION STRATEGY MANAGEMENT) MMNL has a very good track record in implementation of new technological systems. Whenever the company has implemented a new technology system the implementation took place glitch free. The company has implemented Kannada news app on android and also it has tie-ups with Yahoo and Newshunt. The company is also in the process of implementing an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The implementation of this is going smoothly. This leads us to believe that ability to execute a new system will be high at MMNL and thus the new system will fall in sustainability risk. But, whenever a new IT system is implemented there is always an implementation risk ecause there might be social and technological problems. Social problems which can arise are that employees may be anxious about the new system. They may be anxious about the fact whether they will be able to use that system properly or not and if not then will they be fired from their jobs. Technological problems that may arise are compatibility problems with the legacy systems and maintenance problems. Thus, we say that the new system will be in the implementation risk of the strategic grid. PROBABLE IMPACT ON STRATEGY PROBABLE IMPACT ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS Current position Position after implementation (pg. no. 37,chapter 1,Corporate Information Strategy Management) The marketing intelligence gathered from various sources is currently passed around in the office informally through Word of Mouth and excel sheets. This leads to the data being fragmented, lost and getting distorted. As a result of this it is not accessible to everyone and does not provide the correct point of view. Due to this lack of accessibility, management is not able to take any timely strategic decisions. This also does not help the company much in its business operations. We can say that current system of MMNL is in the SUPPORT quadrant of the McFarlan’s Grid. This is because the system does not impact the business operations as well as its strategic decisions. After the Marketing Intelligence database system is implemented, the data will be stored in one centralized location. This will help in easy accessibility of the data. The company officials can then access this data at anytime and use it to take strategic decisions. Since the data is about competitors and the market which will help in taking important strategic decisions. The implementation of the system will not lead to any change in the business operations of the company. Thus, the system, once implemented should move from the current support position to the TURNAROUND quadrant of the McFarlan’s Grid. * BENEFITS FROM DATABASE Implementation of Market Intelligence Database System at MMNL will not lead to any tangible benefits as the decisions taken by management on the market intelligence acquired cannot be known at the moment. The implementation of the system at MMNL will only lead to intangible benefits. The benefits that arise will be: 1. The data will all be present in one place which will help the management to take better decisions. 2. The company employees will save a lot of time if the data is present in one place with options of search. 3. It will give company a competitive advantage as very few media networks have such a system present at the moment. 4. The storage of data will help the company in making a wide database which can be used for analytics in the future. 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